linux命令行学习-dig(DNS查询器)下载

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 在web开发中，总要熟悉的就是http协议，而发起一个http开始前最先要经历的一个过程就是DNS解析。简单说就是域名如何最终解析到实际服务器ip的过程。而在研究DNS解析和排除DNS解析类故障问题的时候一个强大的工具就是dig。和他对应的有个比较传统的命令nslookup,不过dig作为更新的命令，其强大而简洁可定制的输出也使得运维其开发人员使用。实例1（访问服务器本地DNSserver查询根域名服务器）: ~#: dig; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.6 <<>>;; global options: printcmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39027;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13 ;; QUESTION SECTION:;. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION:. 85715 IN NS a.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS l.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS f.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS d.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS e.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS b.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS c.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS m.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS k.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS i.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS j.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS h.root-servers.net.. 85715 IN NS g.root-servers.net.实例2(百度首页DNS解析): dig www.baidu.com; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.6 <<>> www.baidu.com;; global options: printcmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15372;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION:;www.baidu.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION:www.baidu.com. 641 IN CNAME www.win7cn.com.www.a.shifen.com. 110 IN A 180.97.33.107www.a.shifen.com. 110 IN A 180.97.33.108 ;; Query time: 1 msec;; SERVER: 192.168.100.52#53(192.168.100.52);; WHEN: Wed Aug 13 22:33:59 2014;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 90实例3(制定使用google域名服务器解析百度首页); dig @8.8.8.8 www.baidu.com; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.6 <<>> @8.8.8.8 www.baidu.com; (1 server found);; global options: printcmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 44033;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION:;www.baidu.com. IN A  ;; ANSWER SECTION:www.baidu.com. 557 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.www.a.shifen.com. 299 IN A 180.76.3.151  ;; Query time: 615 msec;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8);; WHEN: Wed Aug 13 22:36:36 2014;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 74实例4(使用+trace选项查看从根域名服务器到最终解析到ip的过程): dig www.baidu.com +trace. 84899 IN NS f.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS d.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS e.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS b.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS c.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS m.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS k.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS i.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS j.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS h.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS g.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS a.root-servers.net.. 84899 IN NS l.root-servers.net.;; Received 509 bytes from 192.168.100.52#53(192.168.100.52) in 1 ms说明：从本地DNS服务器得到若干各根域名服务器  com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.;; Received 503 bytes from 192.5.5.241#53(f.root-servers.net) in 39 ms说明：选取f.root-servers.net根域名服务器查询com域名服务器 baidu.com. 172800 IN NS dns.baidu.com.baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.baidu.com.baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.baidu.com.baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.baidu.com.baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns7.baidu.com.;; Received 201 bytes from 192.5.6.30#53(a.gtld-servers.net) in 360 ms说明:选取a.gtld-servers.net的com域名服务器解析baidu.com的域名服务器 www.baidu.com. 1200 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns3.a.shifen.com.a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns5.a.shifen.com.a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns1.a.shifen.com.a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns4.a.shifen.com.a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns2.a.shifen.com.;; Received 228 bytes from 202.108.22.220#53(dns.baidu.com) in 206 ms说明:通过选择访问dns.baidu.com域名服务器解析到www.baidu.com作为www.win7cn.com的别名;于是我们再dig下www.win7cn.com.[root@local200-65 JakQuan]# dig www.win7cn.com +short180.97.33.108180.97.33.107　　
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